Nanochitosan Conjugated with Paromomycin: Preparation, Characterization and Medical Application
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71109/nmi.2025.1.1.5Keywords:
nano cinnamon, E. histolytica, nanoparticles, CD4+, CD8+.Abstract
This study aims to prepare nanochitosan conjugated with paromomycin antibiotic and demonstrate its effect as a therapeutic agent against Entamoeba histolytica parasite in experimentally infected mice by studying the CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte cells. The nanomaterial was characterized using XRD examination, which indicated the formation of nanochitosan semicrystalline structure, including crystalline and amorphous. The biological results showed that CD4+ CD8+ had positive reactions. CD4+ was the most reactive biomarker than CD8+ that expresses the activation of T lymphocytes as a response to the E. histolytica infection, and these cells reduced as a response to the treatment showing the active effect of the Nanomaterial as a therapeutic agent against Entamoeba histolytica, parasite, this study is the first in its field to determine the effect of nanochitosan on lymphocytes in Entamoeba histolytica parasitic infection.
References
Z. Pei et al., "Current perspectives and trend of nanomedicine in cancer: A review and bibliometric analysis," Journal of Controlled Release, vol. 352, p. 211-241, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.023.
T. Lammers, "Nanomedicine Tumor Targeting," Advanced Materials, vol. 36, no. 26, p. 2312169, 2024.
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202312169.
P. Gupta, N. Rai, A. Verma, and V. Gautam, "Microscopy based methods for characterization, drug delivery, and understanding the dynamics of nanoparticles," Medicinal Research Reviews, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 138-168, 2024.
https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21981.
M. Saeedi et al., "Customizing nano-chitosan for sustainable drug delivery," Journal of Controlled Release, vol. 350, p. 175-192, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.038.
S. Bahrami, S. Esmaeilzadeh, M. Zarei, and F. Ahmadi, "Potential application of nanochitosan film as a therapeutic agent against cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major," Parasitology Research, vol. 114, no. 12, p. 4617-4624, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4707-5.
T. Elmi et al., "In Vitro Antiprotozoal Effects of Nano-chitosan on Plasmodium falciparum, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis," Acta Parasitologica, vol. 66, no. 1, p. 39-52, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-020-00255-6.
M. A. El-sheikh, A. Badry, I. M. M. Gobaara, and A. Abd El-Aziz, "2-In vitro Scolecidal Effects of Chitosan (isolatedfrom some scorpions), Chitosan Nanoparticles, Scorpion’S Venom, and Scorpion Venom-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles," Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 1-17, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsz.2023.279995.
C. H. Chang, W. C. See Too, B. H. Lim, and L. L. Few, "Identification and Characterization of Entamoeba histolytica Choline Kinase," Acta Parasitologica, vol. 69, no. 1, p. 426-438, 2024.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-023-00763-1.
N. Jasni, S. Saidin, W. W. Kin, N. Arifin, and N. Othman, "Entamoeba histolytica: Membrane and Non-Membrane Protein Structure, Function, Immune Response Interaction, and Vaccine Development," Membranes, vol. 12, no. 11, p. 1079, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111079.
M. M. Abhyankar et al., "Optimizing a Multi-Component Intranasal Entamoeba Histolytica Vaccine Formulation Using a Design of Experiments Strategy," (in English), Frontiers in Immunology, Original Research vol. 12, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.683157.
F.-H. Lin et al., "The Epidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica Infection and Its Associated Risk Factors among Domestic and Imported Patients in Taiwan during the 2011–2020 Period," Medicina, vol. 58, no. 6,
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060820
W. Jing et al., "Serologic diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection based on the gradient-based digital immunoassay," Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 1339, p. 343602, 2025.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2024.343602.
G. A. Jasim and M. H. Alardi, "Diagnosis and genotyping detection of entamoeba spp. In human and some animals," International Journal of Research, vol. 3, no. 12, p. 11-18, 2015.
S. K. Sardar et al., "A New Multiplex PCR Assay Reveals the Occurrence of E. bangladeshi alongside E. histolytica and E. moshkovskii in Eastern India," Acta Parasitologica, vol. 69, no. 4, p. 1886-1895, 2024.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00921-z.
E. A. Latief, A. T. Mohi, and A. N. Abd, "Effect of Natural Dye on the Spectral Response of the Heterojunction Ag/ZnO/Ps/Si/Ag for Photodetector Application," International Journal of Nanoscience, vol. 22, no. 06, p. 2350048, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x23500485.
F. Esnaashari and H. Zahmatkesh, "Antivirulence activities of Rutin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus," BMC Microbiology, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 328, 2024.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-024-03446-7.
A. Y. Madkhli and L. G. Alharbe, "Modified and enhancement polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/Cs) films incorporated by hybrid silver tungstate (Ag2WO4) nanoparticles," Physics Open, vol. 22, p. 100247, 2025.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physo.2024.100247.
A. Y. Al-Jumaily, S. S. Al-Jubori, and A. Al-Haddad, "Green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles impact on extensive-drug resistance gram-negative bacteria," AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 3097, no. 1, p. 020014, 2024.
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209550.
L. Sun, Y. Su, A. Jiao, X. Wang, and B. Zhang, "T cells in health and disease," Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 235, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01471-y.
L. A. Marcos and E. Gotuzzo, "Intestinal protozoan infections in the immunocompromised host," Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, vol. 26, no. 4, p. 295-301, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283630be3.
J. VENTURA-JUÁREZ et al., "Immunohistochemical characterization of human fulminant amoebic colitis," Parasite Immunology, vol. 29, no. 4, p. 201-209, 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.00934.x.
S. Ito et al., "Characterization of colorectal cancer by hierarchical clustering analyses of five immune cell markers," Pathology International, vol. 74, no. 1, p. 13-25, 2024.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Nano Materials Impact
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The Journal of Nano Materials Impact (NanoMatImp) is dedicated to making research accessible to the broadest possible audience. It operates on an open-access publishing model, which means that all articles are available online without any restrictions. The author(s) retain the copyright of the published work.
The work published in MNI is covered by a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 (CC BY NC 4.0) International License. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don't have to license their derivative works on the same terms.
Before the article can be published, authors of accepted articles are requested to sign the NanoMatImp-copyright form. It’s mandatory for all authors to agree with the article publishing process and sign copyright forms.
